Merge pull request #29767 from Prasadayus:fix/int32_output

python: fix int32 output arrays on Windows by mapping 32-bit NPY_LONG - #29767

On Windows numpy spells `int32` as C `long`, so such arrays arrive as `NPY_LONG` (typenum 7) instead of `NPY_INT` (5). `numpyTypeToCvDepth()` has no case for it, so `pyopencv_to()` takes the cast-and-copy path — which is rejected for **output** arguments, even though the data is already bit-identical to `CV_32S`:

```python
cv.watershed(img, np.int32(markers))
```

```
cv2.error: (-5:Bad argument) in function 'watershed'
> Overload resolution failed:
>  - Layout of the output array markers is incompatible with cv::Mat
```

Three tests fail on Windows for this reason, all on an int32 output argument (`markers`, `detectedIds`):

- `test_watershed`
- `test_aruco_detector_refine`
- `test_charuco_refine`

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/python/src2/cv2_util.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ int numpyTypeToCvDepth(int typenum)
     // 'long' is 64-bit on LP64 but 32-bit on LLP64, so decide by size, not by name.
     case NPY_LONG:      return NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == 8 ? CV_64S : CV_32S;
     case NPY_ULONG:     return NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == 8 ? CV_64U : CV_32U;
+    // Map the 32-bit case: it is numpy's int32 on LLP64, and output arrays cannot be cast.
+    case NPY_LONG:      return NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == 4 ? CV_32S : -1;
     case NPY_HALF:      return CV_16F;
     case NPY_FLOAT:     return CV_32F;
     case NPY_DOUBLE:    return CV_64F;

modules/python/test/test_misc.py

@@ -318,6 +318,11 @@ class Arguments(NewOpenCVTests):
         #res6 = cv.utils.dumpInputArray([a, b])
         #self.assertEqual(res6, "InputArrayOfArrays: empty()=false kind=0x00050000 flags=0x01050000 total(-1)=2 dims(-1)=1 size(-1)=2x1 type(0)=CV_32FC1 dims(0)=4 size(0)=[2 3 4 5]")
 
+    def test_InputOutputArray(self):
+        a = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=np.int32)
+        res, _ = cv.utils.dumpInputOutputArray(a)
+        self.assertIn('type(-1)=CV_32SC1', res)
+
     def test_unsupported_numpy_data_types_string_description(self):
         for dtype in (object, str, np.complex128):
             test_array = np.zeros((4, 4, 3), dtype=dtype)