Merge pull request #27107 from Kumataro:fix27105

build: Check supported C++ standard features and user setting #27107

Close #27105 

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

cmake/checks/cxx11.cpp

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600)
-// OK
-#else
-#error "C++11 is not supported"
-#endif
-
-static int test() { return 0; }
-
-int main()
-{
-    auto res = test();
-    return res;
-}